The most important
argument by which they, so they say, know about the correctness of this
assertion of theirs is the following: They find that their vision can see only
something that is removed from them spatially and not something that has direct
contact with it, for the vision cannot see anything that has direct contact with
it. Thus, so they say, whatever is removed spatially from one's vision belongs
to the category of things that can be seen with one's own eyes, since empty
spaces and a gap lie between the object and the eyes. Now, so they continue, if
the vision should see their Lord on the day of resurrection in the same manner
as it sees shapes today, then the Creator would have to be (spatially) limited
(mahdud). But, so they say, whoever ascribes this characteristic to
(Allaah), (thereby) ascribes to him the characteristic of corporeality, which also
includes increase and decrease (which is absurd).They say that the ability to 'reach' (adraka) colours is given to the vision just as (the
ability to reach) tones is given to hearing and (the ability to reach) smells is
given to the respiratory organ.
Then they
continue that in the same manner as it is invalid for the hearing to give an
opinion without reaching the tones and for the respiratory organ (to give an
opinion) without reaching smells, so also is it invalid for the vision to give
an opinion without reaching colours. They maintain that in the same way as it is
impossible to characterize Allaah as possessing colour, it is (also) correct to say
that it is impossible to characterize him as something visible.(Still) other exegetes maintain that the verse under discussion
has the meaning: The vision of (Allaah's) creatures cannot reach him in this world
but can in the hereafter. The proponents of this view say that the (word)
'reaching' (idrak) in this place means 'seeing' (ru'ya).
As a basis for their view
they cite the following: Although the (word) 'reaching' has in some contexts
another meaning than the (word) 'seeing', 'to see' is still one of its meanings.
Thus it is impossible for the vision of men to see and contact something without
this (object) being reached when it is observed and viewed, even when it is not
apprehended as something seen in all its parts. Therefore, so they continue, if
someone sees something he has looked at, then this means that he has reached it,
that is, except for what he did not see. They say that Allaah has proclaimed that
on the day of resurrection there will be faces which will look upon him.
Now according to their view, it is absurd (to conclude)
that the faces should look upon him without reaching him as something that is
visible. They say that because of this and because it is impossible that one
could find any contradiction or disagreement in what Allaah proclaims, then it is
necessary and correct that Allaah's words 'the vision (of men) reaches Him not' be
interpreted in a special and not general sense, and mean: The vision (of men)
does not reach him in this world, but he reaches the vision (of men) in this
world and in the hereafter. That is, with his words: 'Upon that day there will
be radiant faces, gazing upon their Lord' (Sura 75 :22),
Allaah has made an
exception, so that (seeing Allaah in this world) is excluded.Other proponents of this point of view maintain that the verse
under discussion is meant in a special sense, but that it may be possible that
it has the following meaning: The vision of the evildoer does not reach him in
this world or in the hereafter, while the vision of the believers and those who
trust in Allaah does reach him. They say (further) that the verse may possibly have
the meaning: The vision does not reach him until the end and until (there is
complete) comprehension (ihata), and indeed until
(there is actual) vision. (Further) according to their view, the verse could
mean that the vision (of men) does not reach him in this world, but indeed in
the hereafter. (Also) the verse could have the meaning: The vision of the one
who sees him does not reach him in the (same) way that the Eternal one reaches
the vision of his creatures. The one (i.e., Allaah) who has excluded (the
possibility) that the vision of his creatures may reach him is the one who has
acknowledged this himself, since their vision is weak and can penetrate only
that to which their Allaah has given the power. On the other hand, they stand there
completely open before his vision, and to his vision nothing of them remains
hidden.